Metal stamping is a category of manufacturing that uses cold-forming processes to create metal parts with distinct shapes out of metal sheets or stock. There are multiple different metal stamping techniques, but all use some combination of sharp tools and pressure to cut parts out of sheet metal, create cutouts in metal pieces, or add marks or textures to metal. Metal stamping techniques are used to create precise two-dimensional pieces and as well as transform sheets into three-dimensional parts.

Metal Stamping Processes

Each metal stamping process uses different physical processes to form metal parts. Some of the most commonly used metal stamping processes include:

1.Punching

Punching creates holes in workpieces using a punch press to force the punch tool through the sheet metal. This process creates holes in the metal sheet and deposits the scrap slug into the die below the sheet metal.

Punching is typically a cold-forming process, but it can be used in some hot applications. This is one of the most cost-effective metal stamping techniques available. The process itself is inexpensive and fast enough to create savings for most manufacturing projects.

2.Blanking

Blanking is an intermediary step to improve the efficiency of other stamping and finishing operations. During the blanking process, a metal form (or blank) is cut from a sheet with a rough outline that aligns with the end design. By taking this intermediary step, manufacturers minimize the risk of burrs developing in later stages.

3.Embossing

Embossing is a cold-forming process used for creating specific formations or designs on metal pieces. Male and female embossing dies press a workpiece between them with sufficient force to impart three-dimensional designs onto the surface.

4.Coining

Coining is a forming process that uses an extreme amount of pressure to push the workpiece into a die. The die then forms the metal into a precise shape and creates permanent forms in the workpiece. Coining also smooths the edges of metal parts by striking them with a high degree of force. This removes existing burrs and hardens the metal. Coining may reduce the need for deburring, grinding, and other secondary processes at the end of the project, which saves both time and money.

5.Bending

Bending processes transform metal sheets and two-dimensional workpieces into three-dimensional pieces. Bending occurs through multiple mechanisms. In some processes, one edge of the workpiece is clamped in a stationary position while the other edge is clamped by a metal tool and bent over a die to create a precise bend or shape. Alternatively, the metal piece may be pushed into or against a die.

When bending, it's important to consider the plasticity of the metal, as each material type can only handle a certain amount of bending before cracking or weakening. Many metals also harden under stress and can react poorly to too much bending. Metal pieces also typically need to be bent along the direction of their grain lines. This allows the metal to stretch and accommodate the bend instead of splitting and cracking between grain lines.

6.Flanging

Flanging processes bend metal tabs and parts on workpieces at a 90-degree angle. Unlike general bending processes, flanging applies only to small tabs and portions of an overall workpiece. Flanging may sometimes be incorporated into custom dies used in other stamping processes to save time and expense.

Metal Stamping at GTM

GTM specializes in providing comprehensive metal stamping services for industrial clients. Our facility has press machines that handle up to 1,600 tons. We're proud to serve the Automotive and Home appliance industries. Please contact us or request a quote today for more information about our metal stamping capabilities and other services.